indigenous youth crime

The psychological impact of custody on the Aboriginal adolescent. Juvenile diversion and Indigenous offenders. Risk assessment with young offenders: A meta-analysis of three assessment measures. Memmott, P., Nash, D., & Pasi, C. (2015). 2 This study also compared Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal youth in custody across several variables including the most serious offence/charge and sentence lengths. Sick of 70-hour weeks, sick of youth crime, and we’re sick of victims of crime. The challenges of reintegrating Indigenous youth after their release from detention. Silva, D., Colvin, L., Glauert, R., & Bower, C. (2014). Native American ethnicity and childhood maltreatment as variables in perceptions and adjustments to boot camp vs. “traditional” correctional settings. A comparison of Pacific, Maori, and European violent youth offenders in New Zealand. Includes information on adult criminal courts, corrections, crime reporting, victim services, children and youth, and violence against Indigenous women. The Australian Government has provided funding to evaluate the effectiveness of Indigenous law and justice programs across five subject areas to identify the best approaches to tackling crime and justice issues and better inform government funding decisions in the future. Police recruitment and Indigenous people: Examining the role of attitudes, perceptions and beliefs. 2. Recommendations for conditional release suitability: Cognitive biases and consistency in case management officers’ decision-making. Contextualization for Native American crime and criminal justice involvement. Sittner-Hartshorn, K. J., Whitbeck, L. B., & Prentice, R. (2015). Native American delinquency. Karmel, T., Misko, J., Blomberg, D., Bednarz, A., & Atkninson, G. (2014). 2019). Greenberg, H., Grekul, J., & Nelson, R. (2016). Responsibilization strategies at parole hearings. The goal is to work with youth to come up with a solution. Marenin, O. (2008). In order to change the status quo surrounding the overrepresentation of Indigenous youth in the criminal justice Eight Indigenous youth in training at the Saskatoon Community Youth Arts Programming (SCYAP) were selected for the study through interview. Explaining patterns of crime in the native villages of Alaska. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available, Advances in Psychology and Law Kirmayer, L. J., Brass, G. M., Paul, K., Simpson, C., & Tait, C. (2007). Access to youth justice in New Zealand: “The very good, the good, the bad and the ugly”. (2005). Finally, the chapter provides a review of the gaps in the literature, highlighting the need for additional research which is culturally responsive, gender-responsive, and inclusive of current trends in the field. National Institute of Labour Studies (NILS), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. Peters, A. M. F., & Corrado, R. R. (2016). 185.92.245.187. fundamental causes of youth crime by involving victims, engaging offenders, and consulting community leaders (Lockwood et al. AYAC believes that a range of new and innovative strategies, that move away from the failed “tough on crime” rhetoric, are needed if Blagg, H., Morgan, N., Cunneen, C., & Ferrante, A. Actual physical violence was experienced by 13% of Indigenous Australians (AIHW 2017). 69. Hudson, J., Morris, A., Maxwell, G., & Galaway, B. Developing learning identities in and through music: A case study of the outcomes of a music programme in an Australian juvenile detention centre. Discover all statistics and data on Aboriginal crime and justice in Canada now on statista.com! Indigenous children and youth: The case of marae courts in Aotearoa New Zealand. Tribal youth victimization abnd delinquency: Analysis of youth risk behaviour surveillance survey data. (2014). A snapshot of youth in custody counts the number of individuals in each facility on a particular day. Healing the victim, the young offender, and the community via restorative justice: An international perspective. LEVEL, Changing lives through law. Gover, A. R. (2005). Nathan, L. (2009b). Colonisation. (2010). In C. Banks (Ed.). Effectiveness of early interventions for substance-using adolescents: Findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis. In J. Winterydk & R. Smandych (Eds.). Assessing the mental health, substance abuse, cognitive functioning, and social/emotional well-being needs of Aboriginal prisoners in Australia. In 1994-95, less than half of the finalised court appearances (41 per cent), resulted in the young person being sentenced to a supervised juvenile justice order. Shepherd, S. M., Ogloff, J. R. P., Shea, D., Pfeifer, J. E., & Paradies, Y. Queensland Parliament. The coverage of American Indians and Alaskan natives in criminal justice and criminology introductory textbooks. Snowball L 2008. (2012). According to police data, there has been a 72.5 per cent increase in assaults committed by youth aged 10 to 17 in the Townsville district over the last two years. Google Scholar (2006). I’m exhausted,” Aust said. Retrieved from. A range of physical and mental health issues directly relateand contribute to the overrepresentation of Indigenous youth in thecriminal justice system. In K. Carrington, M. Ball, E. O’Brien, & J. Tauri (Eds.). Source(s): Recorded Crime - Offenders SEX AND AGE In 2016–17, the age range at which the offender rate peaked was older for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander offenders than for non-Indigenous offenders for all states and territories for which Indigenous Status data were available: Restorative Justice Unit, & File Hills Qu’Appelle Tribal Council. Pfeifer, J. E. (in review). Robbery offences committed by Indigenous juveniles in particular fell by 80 per cent that year and have continued to decline since. Pavkov, T. W., Travis, L., Fox, K. A., Bear-King, C., & Cross, T. L. (2010). Colonisation – It’s bad for your health: The context of Aboriginal health. (1999). New Zealand’s obligations under international law: What influence have they had on our youth justice system? Brame, R., Mazerolle, P., & Piquero, A. Population Census. of Indigenous juveniles inside justice and detention systems, programs implemented to address this issue have failed to reduce the high incarceration rates of Indigenous youth. Day & E. Fernandez (Eds.). INDIGENOUS YOUTH AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW 15 Indigenous people experience very high rates of a variety of physical and mental illnesses, which contribute to poorer quality of life and higher mortality rates. In G. Maxwell (Ed.). Bull, S. (2004). %PDF-1.7 Understanding the Youth Criminal Justice Act. (2013). Māori Law review. Grekul, J., & Sanderson, K. (2011). �̎�bt��}H��L>�{נ�~�\2?�K��i��t9#A��D'�`�$ӔKb�BXtT{,�s,�ĞXDwX"QAT��9-Jy�u�%��Ew�%Jb�@1�C1�J� EC�BS�Oq�T��U�k8��? �`L��=O�A�t@��v��"�� w��~ e�k��Ppxd��D�D�YZКx�UhU�J�0T� “All of my colleagues, on both sides of the bar table, we’re tired. Trotter, C., Baidawi, S., & Evans, P. (2015). x��Xmo�6�n��"�PH��h�.v7E?h��V���&ɓY-@l�G�=|�xw��b��iN޾^�y:}��ɷ��*�W��s6��4��r��Y��l��=F�%\F4|�D�u��,��I�7��s2y��8,b�#(�D�~M��vl�l This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the research and programs related to Indigenous youth crime across four jurisdictions with significant Indigenous populations (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States). As can be seen in Figure 8 , Indigenous males were most likely to enter the adult system, compared to non-Indigenous males and all females. Faircloth, S. C., & Tippeconnic, J. W., III. Dorgan, B. L., Shenandoah, J., Bigfoot, D. S., Broderick, E., Brown, E. F., Davidson, V., & Zimmerman, M. J. Arrests and convictions for cannabis related offences in a New Zealand birth cohort. Policy issues regarding the over-representation of incarcerated Aboriginal young offender in a Canadian context. Totten, M. (2016). In R. Sheehan & A. Borowski (Eds.). Over 500 people pass through Vine’s buildings each week. Playing catch-up? Shaffer, C., McCuish, E., Corrado, R. R., Behnken, M. P., & DeLisi, M. (2015). Grant, P. (2009). Grant, C. M., & Feimer, S. (2007). (2010). The typology is intended to be useful to youth crime prevention practitioners, evaluators, and policy makers. Leiber, M. J., Johnson, J., & Fox, K. (2006). Retrieved from. Cite as. Crime and justice bulletin no. Livingston, M., Stewart, A., Allard, T., & Ogilvie, J. Willoughby, A., & Nellis, M. (2016). 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Policy for dealing with youth crime among Aboriginal children labelled ‘inhumane, costly and does not work’ Children at the Don Dale juvenile detention centre in Darwin. (2012). 4 0 obj Yessine, A. K., & Bonta, J. Ogloff, J. R. P., Pfeifer, J. E., Shepherd, S. M., & Ciorciari, J. "And if you're an Indigenous woman you're 35 times more likely to be hospitalised by partner abuse than non-Indigenous … Webb, R. (2009). Champagne founded Aboriginal Youth Opportunities in Winnipeg’s North End neighbourhood in 2010 to support Indigenous youth. Koch, J., & Scherer, J. Report submitted to the National Centre for Student Equity in Higher Education (NCSEHE), Australia. ), Education Counts. From jails to healing lodges: Evaluating the impact of correctional environments on offender adaptation. (2016). After reviewing the jurisdictional and contextual information specific to each of the four countries, a conceptual framework is provided which identifies the various contributing factors to this issue and categorizes them according to whether they are systemic or individual. The 2015 JD Stout Lecture. The chapter itself has been organized into several sections in order to more readily provide readers with a conceptual framework as well as identifiable gaps in the literature. It took place against a backdrop of unrest in several English cities, including Liverpool and other districts of London, and a breakdown of relations between the police and black communities. (2016). Aboriginal youth in Canada using a ‘snapshot’ method. Cull, D. M., & Wehner, D. M. (1998). B. Green, R. (2016). (1992). Stewart, A., Hayes, H., Livingston, M., & Palk, G. (2008). Juvenile diversion and Indigenous offenders: a study examining juvenile offenders in Western Australia, South Australia and New South Wales. ), Pew Research Center. In response, the Youth Declaration highlighted the youth’s myriad concerns on the environment, economic development and infrastructure projects, food sovereignty, indigenous knowledge, culture, languages, education, mental health, communication and about violence against Indigenous Peoples. Young offenders, maltreatment, and trauma: A pilot study. Banks, C. (2000). La Prairie, C. (2002). Children and young people in conflict with the law: Asking the hard questions. Statistics Canada. Approaches to preventing alcohol-related problems: The experience of New Zealand and Australia. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Background, offence characteristics, and criminal outcomes of Aboriginal youth who sexually offend: A closer look at Aboriginal youth intervention needs. Substance use disorders, comorbidity, and arrest among Indigenous adolescents. Chenhall, R., & Senior, K. (2009). Hailer, J. The sentencing of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal youth under the young offenders act: A multivariate analysis. The overrepresentation of Indigenous Australians in the criminal justice system has been thoroughly documented over a number of decades. Olver, M. E., Stockdale, K. C., & Wormith, J. S. (2009). Stay tuned! Cullompton UK and Portland USA: Willan Publishing. A culturally safe education engagement model for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men in prison. Traditional approaches to tribal justice. Part of Springer Nature. Rojas, E. Y., & Gretton, H. M. (2007). This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the research and programs related to Indigenous youth crime across four jurisdictions with significant Indigenous populations (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States). ‘I thought peple would be mean and shout.’ Introducing the Hobbema Community Cadet Corps: A response to youth gang involvement? Discretion in the New Zealand criminal justice system: The position of Māori and Pacific Islanders. (2013). (1997). Silverstein, M. (2005). PISA in brief highlights from the full Australian report: PISA 2012 - how Australia measures up. Moyle, P., & Tauri, J. M. (2016). Homel, R., Lincoln, R., & Herd, B. Marie, D. (2010). Attending to context: Family group decision-making in Canada. Ludbrook, R. (2009). Australian Aborigines: Cultural factors pertaining to the assessment and treatment of Australian Aboriginal sexual offenders. Tauri, J. M., & Webb, R. (2012). In T. D. Gupta, C. E. James, R. C. A. Maaka, G. E. Galabuzi, & C. Andersen (Eds.). Language functioning, mental health and alexithymia in incarcerated young offenders. Blagg, H. (2012). A., & Hart, C. B. endobj Under- and over-policing Native American communities. Munro-Harrison, E., Trounson, J. S., & Ironfield, N. (2016). His true-crime style mixed with passionate anger captivates the listener. Indigenous young people and communities to prevent crime. Children’s Court of NSW. Native-American youths and gangs. (2004). According to The Economist, crime has been falling in most of Europe.But there is a counter-trend hidden in the numbers. (2017). Most Indigenous kids don’t do crime, this is an issue of over-policing,” he said. A report commissioned by the Australian Government Attorney-General's Department. Adler, F., Mueller, G. O. W., Laufer, W. S., & Gerkul, J. Snowball L & Weatherburn D 2007. (2010). School leavers with NCEA level 3 or above. The utility of the SAVRY across ethnicity in Australian young offenders. Retrieved from. In W. L. Marshall, Y. M. Fernandez, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.). (2014). Responding to youth sexual offending: A field-based practice model that “closes the gap” on sexual recidivism among Indigenous and non-Indigenous males. (2017). 2018 Youth crime reduction statistics after implementation of the Maranguka Initiative in Bourke. Responding to the needs of prisoners with learning difficulties in Australia. This is a preview of subscription content. (2009). In C. Bourke, E. Bourke, & W. Edwards (Eds.). (2015). Indigenous culture, corrections and technology: Assessing the effectiveness of the. Kenny, D. T., & Lennings, C. J. Caputo, T., & Kelly, K. (2015). Aboriginal over-representation in the criminal justice system: A tale of nine cities. Sampson, R. J. Blagg, H. (1997). Recent reform of New Zealand’s youth justice system. Thompson, A. P., & McGrath, A. Cognitive-behavioural group work: Its application to specific offender groups. Approximately 1 per cent of all young people in Queensland aged 10 to 16 years are charged with offences and appear in court each year. The authors wish to thank Teagan Connop-Galer for her assistance with the preparation of this chapter. R., Juvenile Justice: Youth and Crime in Australia, Oxford University Press, 1 st edition, Melbourne, 2002, p329. Experience of violence. Criminal career progression among serious youthful offenders in Australia. (2003). Boersig, J. Troth, G., & Grainger, J. ... youth Aboriginal admissions in provinces and territories 2001-2019 ... by indigenous … <>/Metadata 594 0 R/ViewerPreferences 595 0 R>> Racism, discrimination and the over-representation of Indigenous people in the criminal justice system: Some conceptual and explanatory issues. Youth offenders decreased by 9% since 2017-18, compared with 7% nationally. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 17 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> “Stuck nose”: Experiences and understanding of petrol sniffing in a remote Aboriginal community. AAP June 20, 2011 11:40pm. Rather than look at isolated stories, I focus on the patterns that leap to the surface when the stories are compared and examined together. Nearly half of all youth who end up in custody across Canada are Indigenous, a statistic that a Manitoba activist says shows unacceptable and … Dawes, G. (2002). Figure eights, spin outs and power slides: Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander youth and the culture of joyriding. Retrieved from. (1999). The chapter itself has been organized into several sections in order to more readily provide readers with a conceptual framework as well as … Retrieved from. View. In T. Bradley & R. Walters (Eds.). pp 247-284 | Senior, K., Chenhall, R., & Daniels, D. (2006). The rate of imprisonment among Indigenous youth is 348 per 100,000, compared with 14 non-Indigenous youth per 100,000, aged 10 to 17 years, … The focus is to reach out to people in the local area with a warm welcome to a wide variety of groups encompassing communities from Ghana, the Caribbean, Uganda, Romania, South Asia, the Congo, along with the indigenous population. Becroft, A. The criminalization of Indigenous people. Contact with juvenile justice system in children treated with stimulant medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A population study. Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC). Moore, E., Gaskin, C., & Indig, D. (2015). Retrieved from. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the research and programs related to Indigenous youth crime across four jurisdictions with significant Indigenous populations (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States). What’s race got to do with justice? Coalition for Juvenile Justice. A just measure of shame? Justice reinvestment is an idea that originally came from the United States. Stacey and Associates) Panyappi Indigenous Youth Mentoring Program: External Evaluation Report , Metropolitan Aboriginal Youth Team, South Australia Department of Human Services, Adelaide, 2004, Good practice in community-based supervision of Aboriginal youth offenders. McRae, H., Nettheim, G., & Beacroft, L. (1997). Indigenous youth crime statistics videos and latest news articles; GlobalNews.ca your source for the latest news on Indigenous youth crime statistics . Maranguka initiatives in Bourke such as this have not only reduced crime rates but done so while saving money. Hughes, N., Clasby, B., Chitsabesan, P., & Williams, H. (2016). TWO young London stabbing victims have died within hours – taking the number of teenagers murdered in the capital this year to 24, doubling last year’s toll . Māori and criminal offending: A critical appraisal. Use of the Massachusetts youth screening instrument to assess mental health problems in young people within an Australian youth detention centre. The youth offender rate was 2,349 offenders per 100,000 persons which was the lowest rate in the time series. A., Taylor-Butts, A., & Johnson, S. (2006). Tribal Youth in the Juvenile Justice System. (2012). Almost a fifth of youth offenders had a principal offence of theft, compared with more than a tenth for the total Western Australia offender population. Abstract. Pfeifer, J. E. (2017). Retrieved from. Bourke, C., & Cox, H. (1994). Taumaunu, H. (2014). (2009). Pennell, J., & Burford, G. (1996). (2011). Retrieved from. Roundtable in Sydney 28 January 2011 . The age-standardised imprisonment rate for Indigenous people was 1,891 people per 100,000 of adult population, while for non-Indigenous people it was 136, which meant that the imprisonment rate for Indigenous people was 14 times higher than that of non-Indigenous people. %�� Cultural group differences in social disadvantage, offence characteristics, and experience of childhood trauma and psychopathology in incarcerated juvenile offenders in NSW, Australia: Implications for service delivery. United States Census. Retrieved from. In J. Winterdyk & R. Smandych (Eds.). 2 0 obj (2012). Westcott, M. (2006). “I’m tired. Hart-Mitchell, R., & Pfeifer, J. E. (2003). Indigenous youth crime rates 'a disgrace' PREVALENCE of indigenous youth in Australia's criminal justice system is a national tragedy and disgrace, report concludes. Psychopathy and violent misconduct in a sample of violent young offenders. McKillop, D., & Pfeifer, J. E. (2004). Nielsen, M. O., & Robyn, L. (2003). Stewart, L. (1997). Retrieved from. Nobody trust them! (2012). Workman, K. (2016). This study aimed to contribute to the emerging literature examining disparity in the use of police diversion and whether the impact of police diversion on re-contact varies based on Indigenous status. Goodwill, A., & Giannone, Z. Two Saskatchewan researchers are looking to prevent violence and bullying in Indigenous communities in northern Saskatchewan. Criminology Research Council. The Law Society of NSW has renewed its call for a dramatic and urgent whole of government response to reduce the number of Indigenous youth detained in the state's juvenile justice systems. Corrado, R. R., Kuehn, S., & Margaritescu, I. Carney, T., & Myers, B. In J. Tolmie & W. Brookbanks (Eds.). endobj Apprehension statistics: Calendar year 2014. Police are strip searching, taunting and photographing Indigenous youth “when they apparently have done nothing wrong”, the manager of a north … However, studies tend to adopt homogenising discourses that fail to acknowledge or deeply examine the diversity of Indigenous Australian experiences of crime, including across geographic and cultural contexts. In M. O. Nielsen, O. Marianne, & R. Silverman (Eds. (2007). Thompson, A. P., & Pope, Z. In J. Winterdyk & R. Smandych (Eds. Decision-making and young offenders: Examining the role of discretion in police judgments. Stathis, S., Letters, P., Doolan, I., Fleming, R., Heath, K., Arnett, A., & Cory, S. (2008). At-risk Indigenous youth in Queensland are learning about horsemanship, leadership and respect as part of an on country program designed to reduce rates of youth crime. ‘The land of murder, cannibalism, and all kinds of atrocious crimes?’ Māori and crime in New Zealand, 1853-1919. Retrieved from. In M. O. Neilsen & R. A. Silverman (Eds.). Māori and the criminal justice system in New Zealand. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Explaining recent innovations in New Zealand’s criminal justice system: Empowering Māori of biculturalising the state? Indigenous youth between 15 and 30 have immense potential to contribute to their communities. Assessing juvenile offenders: Preliminary data for the Australian adaptation of the youth level of services/case management inventory (Hoge & Andrews, 1995). American Indian/Alaska Native alcohol-related incarceration and treatment. Tablet computers and forensic and psychological assessment: A randomized control study. A critical appraisal of responses to Māori offending. (2005, September). Risk and resilience: Crime and violence prevention in Aboriginal communities. (2017). Victimization and offending among the Aboriginal population in Canada. Spiranovic, C., Clare, J., Clare, M., & Clare, B. Retrieved from. General strain theory and delinquency: Extending a popular explanation to American Indian youth. The Australian family 1788-1888-1988. Eitle, D., & McNulty-Eitle, T. (2016). What works to reduce offending by Rangatahi Māori. Policing in South Australia’s remote and rural communities: Preliminary observations from a novel police diversionary strategy for young Indigenous offenders. Fergusson, D., Swain-Campbell, N. R., & Horwood, L. J. Doolan, I., Najman, J. M., Mills, R., Cherney, A., & Strathearn, L. (2013). (2010). Mental health, criminal justice and culture: Some ways forward? (2003). In G. Maxwell (Ed.). Relationships between the Aboriginal community and police in Redfern have also improved since the inception of the program, and crime rates have significantly dropped. Two laws: One land. They're finding opportunities to be involved and make a difference – by joining a youth council, attending conferences, pursuing new educational opportunities, or taking time to learn from Elders. In 2014–15, 22% of Indigenous Australians aged 15 and over reported they were a victim of physical or threatened violence in the last 12 months. Youth Justice Independent Advisory Group (IAG). Murri courts – Research brief 2006/14. Ottawa Department of Justice. The following information should be kept in mind when considering the results reported in this paper: 1. Promising performance of a juvenile justice diversion programme in remote Aboriginal communities, Northern Territory, Australia. In Courtroom 7 - the Children’s Koori Court at work: Findings from an evaluation. Goldsmith, A., & Halsey, M. (2013). Indigenous perspectives and experiences: Māori and the criminal justice system. Attempted suicide, self-harm, and psychological disorder among young offenders in custody. Skues, J., Pfeifer, J. E., Oliva, A., & Wise, L. (in press). Cousins in crime: Mobility, place and belonging in Indigenous youth co-offending. (2005). Marginalised: An insider’s view of the state, state policies in New Zealand and gang formation. Does child abuse and neglect explain the overrepresentation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people in youth detention? AYAC believes that a range of new and innovative strategies, that move away from the failed “tough on crime” rhetoric, are needed if Weatherburn, D., Fitzgerald, J., & Hua, J. (2014). Includes demographic, social and economic characteristics of Indigenous peoples. The over-incarceration of Indigenous people in Canada is a crisis that begins earlier than adulthood as Indigenous youth (under 18) represent a disproportionate number of children behind bars. Canada has had a tumultuous history with its Aboriginal population, especially when it comes to issues of crime and justice. Tauri, J. Shoham, S. G., Beck, O., & Kett, M. (2008). Australian Council for Educational Research. And shout. ’ Introducing the Hobbema community Cadet Corps: a closer look at youth. Offending: a randomized control study was the lowest rate in the contemporary city: social ( )! Bower, C. ( 2014 ) intellectual disability, Indigenous status and of! Javascript available, Advances in Psychology and law pp 247-284 | Cite.. Career progression among serious youthful offenders in Western Canada the Saskatoon community youth Arts Programming ( SCYAP were. Laufer, W. S., & Senior, K., Dunbar, L. J Stephenson, R. R. 2017. Thomson, S., & Halsey, M. J., & McKillop N.. When considering the results reported in this paper: 1 & Beacroft, L., Guilfoyle, M. Ogloff. 23 % ) and males ( 23 % ) and males ( 23 % ) males! Sarre, R., & Pfeifer, J., Clare, B Kenny, D. ( 2003 ) contact juvenile! 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