how to interpret descriptive statistics results in spss pdf

2 0 obj 4 | IBM SPSS Statistics 23 Part 1: Descriptive Statistics Data View When SPSS Statistics is launched, the Data Editor window opens in Data View which looks similar to a Microsoft Excel worksheet (a matrix … In statistics, we are often interested in understanding how “spread out” values are in a dataset. Complete the following steps to interpret descriptive statistics. This tutorial will show you how to use SPSS version 12.0 to perform exploratory data analysis and descriptive statistics. Check Descriptive statistics and Homogeneity tests (see right) Continue and OK . Top of Page. You don [t really need this information to interpret the multiple regression, its just for your interest. SPSS also gives the standardized slope (aka ), which for a bivariate regression is identical to the Pearson r. For the data at hand, the regression equation is “cyberloafing = 57.039 - .864 consciousness.” The residuals statistics show that there no cases with a standardized residual beyond three standard deviations from zero. Descriptive Statistics Means and standard deviations should be given either in the text or in a table, but not both. The best way to understand a dataset is to calculate descriptive statistics for the variables within the dataset. To see percentages, also select Row in the Percentages section. Ó <> For example, you could use multiple regre… We want a breakdown of purchases by sex, so drag "Sex" to the "Rows" graphic in the right-hand box. However, another goal is to show how SPSS is actually used to understand and interpret the results of research. J6����l,䳂r�y5����u�#��Eʧ�"ٯ�� �/"Y%q�0�f�׉')�L����ۤ}�����Q8��Ha�t��Һ�S^� O��3���u��T�d�d����4z�o��Q��D�'��h�R ��}��}�7��}� For the … The range: the … x��\m��F��n���7_"35��,��؛]�^�F�`q��%q$�Ǣ�C�$���~�Ԕ� ���lvW��SOU���~�=4�!����C�ڶ���������?����n��n��?F?�������ET�u}~x�JD���`/�,*�"����ׯц~����_g?�O�l�6�l�����j~�϶ѧy9�:��l7�g��B��gO�D�����?ɷ��KD^ŵ��_gQhh!�����ְoCOT�8w����k���M�MU!��=����=� The descriptive statistics shown in this module are all performed onthis .sav file. Keith McCormick has been all over the world training and consulting in all things SPSS, statistics, and data mining. Interpreting results, descriptive statistics descriptive statistics [Lar82], sample mean and sample variance After collecting data in a simulation experiment, we often want to calculate some statistics to characterize the results, typically estimates of the mean and variance of certain observed quantities. Interpret the key results for Descriptive Statistics. The output window will show two frames: one frame is for viewing the analysis and the other frame shows the results. Now that we have a row to read from, it is time to look at the results for our T-test. 2 0 obj Extensions for the datasets could be *.dat, *.txt. Initially, when we get the data, instead of applying fancy algorithms and making some predictions, we first try to read … ; The central tendency concerns the averages of the … Statistics… Cyberloaf_Consc_Age.sav, into SPSS. lists the Pearson . You can remedy collinearity in several ways. In statistics, we are often interested in understanding how “spread out” values are in a dataset. Below is a sample output, which can … Standard deviation can be difficult to interpret as a single number on its own. For a complete explanation of the output you have to interpret when checking your data for the six assumptions required to carry out a one-way ANOVA, see our enhanced guide here. Steps to Run and Interpret Descriptives in SPSS. The data in this example is loosely based on the evaluation of the Schools Linking Network. OK. button. In this section, we show you only the main tables required to understand your results from the one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. If the Sig. The descriptives table (see below) provides some very useful descriptive statistics, ... and how to interpret and report the results. In a research study with large data, these statistics may help us to manage the data and present it in a summary table. << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Font << /F1 3 0 R /F2 4 0 R /F3 6 0 R >> /XObject << /XT5 5 0 R >> >> <>>> Thus, we will also discuss … There are 3 main types of descriptive statistics: The distribution concerns the frequency of each value. The variable we want to predict is called the dependent variable (or sometimes, the outcome, target or criterion variable). value in this example was greater less than .05, we would have read from the second row. For a complete explanation of the output you have to interpret when checking your data for the nine assumptions required to carry out a one-way ANCOVA, see our enhanced guide. Correlations The next box gives you the correlations between each of the variables. Now that we have a row to read from, it is time to look at the results … Coefficients. Example of Interpreting and Applying a Multiple Regression Model We'll use the same data set as for the bivariate correlation example -- the criterion is 1st year graduate grade point average and the … Check the result of Levene's test for … Although we concentrate largely on how to use SPSS to get results and on how to correctly interpret these results, the basic theoretical background of many of the techniques used is also described in separate boxes. Descriptive Statistics Using a simple data set, this tutorial will show you how to produce your first set of statistical output using SPSS. Check the result of Levene's test for a p-value (Sig.) To measure this, we often use the following measures of dispersion:. Here is a simple dataset, showing three different variables – … Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were conducted. In SPSS, we have to perform the following steps: 1. Suppose we have the following dataset that contains four variables for 20 students in a certain class: Exam score; Hours spent studying; Prep exams taken; Current grade in the class ; Here is how to calculate descriptive statistics for each of these four variables: Summary Statistics. Standard deviation can be difficult to interpret as a single number on its own. Reporting Descriptive (Summary) Statistics Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with collecting, interpreting, organization and interpretation of data. SPSS Statistics generates quite a few tables in its one-way ANOVA analysis. DISCOVERING STATISTICS USING SPSS PROFESSOR ANDY P FIELD 4 Output 2 Output 2 is the table of the overall descriptive statistics; these will be useful for interpreting the direction of the results in the main ANOVA table. 1 19 or Younger 2 20-23 3 24-27 4 28-31 5 32 or Over . For data in this For example, you are the quality control inspector at a milk bottling plant that bottles small and large containers of milk. endobj Any statistical package can read these formats. endstream 19. Jesus Salcedo is an independent statistical and data-mining consultant who has been using SPSS products for more than 25 years. Data is structured by fixed blocks (for example, var1 in columns 1 to 5, var2 in column 6 to 8, etc). Entering Data . The following are some key points for writing descriptive results: Add a table of the raw data in the appendix; Include a table with the appropriate descriptive statistics e.g. By Deborah J. Rumsey . SPSS is statistical software that is used to calculate descriptive statistics. endobj )�(䳅?EЪJ��c��� Basically, a small standard deviation means that the values in a statistical data set are close to the … As the name suggests, this project links schools in different communities to put Zthe contact hypothesis into practice. Typically, the mean, standard deviation and number of respondents (N) who participated in the survey are given. statistics in SPSS by clicking on Collinearity diagnostics under the Options button found in the main regression dialog box of SPSS. Descriptive statistics. Using SPSS for Descriptive Statistics. The average age of participants was 25.5 years (SD = 7.94). This module demonstrates how to obtain basic descriptive statistics using SPSS. As we've just described, descriptive statistics are used primarily to summarize the data. Scoot all three variables into the pane on the right. 7 0 obj The program below reads the data and creates a temporarySPSS .sav file. As you do this, SPSS … Click the Statistics button and check the Chi‐square box Click the Cells button and make sure both the observed and expected boxes are selected under Counts. You take a sample of each product and observe that the mean volume of the small containers is 1 cup with a standard deviation of 0.08 cup, and the mean volume of the large containers is 1 gallon (16 cups) with a standard deviation of 0.4 cups. So we’ve got a row . provides the details of the results. The next output from the analysis is the correlation coefficient. Table 1: Descriptive statistics The correlation matrix. Click on the Cells button and select Column percentages (or Row) and Continue. When more advanced procedures are used, readers are referred to other sources for details. Descriptive Results. 3 0 obj Correlations. About the Book Author. the mean, mode, median, and standard deviation. SPSS for introductory statistics : use and interpretation(3rd ed.). We explain how to interpret the result of the Durbin-Watson statistic, as well as showing you the SPSS Statistics procedure required, in our enhanced multiple regression guide. button to select and/or change the statistics SPSS will display. Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Crosstabs Select one variable as the Row variable, and the other as the Column variable (see below) Click on the Statistics button and select Chi-square in the top LH corner and Continue. Descriptive Statistics The first box simply gives you the means and standard deviations for each of your variables. 2. Statistics should be used to substantiate your findings and help you to say objectively when you have significant results. Descriptive statistics are useful to assist discover and analyze data before doing statistical assessments on the data. Select “descriptive statistics” from the analysis menu. To measure this, we often use the following measures of dispersion:. It is used when we want to predict the value of a variable based on the value of two or more other variables. Then click on the Continue button. Descriptive Statistics Mean Std. SPSS Statistics Reporting the output of the one-way ANOVA. column under . <. Basically, a small standard deviation means that the values in a statistical data set are close to the mean of the data set, on average, and a large standard deviation means that the values in the data set are farther away from the mean, on average. <> Uncheck “Display frequency tables. Descriptive Statistics in SPSS When first looking at a dataset, it is wise to use descriptive statistics to get some idea of what your data look like. From the start menu, click on the "SPSS menu." <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> When it comes to descriptive statistics examples, problems and solutions, we can give numerous of them to explain and support the general definition and types. Therefore, when reporting the statistical outcomes relevant to your study, subordinate them to the actual biological results. Here you can see which descriptive statistics are displayed by default, and change them if you wish. Results: The study participants had a mean age of 48.4 and a mean BMI of 32.5, and were predominantly non-Hispanic White (86.3%). ;�o�w�Ln7�}��>��&��Ez�6�,���H��~|���,�G��ȥ.f���$JS�&�\��1_$�8m�=�(X}�H$�ð�W�g����w��l6��İ�:�o��\H��E���>�# ί -5K�8�T����-�o ��⢜ք���5�y,�w�`����E��G2���}x-�`�_���p If the Sig. He has written numerous SPSS courses and trained thousands of users. The range: the difference between the largest and smallest value in a dataset. In SPSS, we have to perform the following steps: 1. Conduct your regression procedure in SPSS and open the output file to review the results. Interpreting SPSS Correlation Output Correlations estimate the strength of the linear relationship between two (and only two) variables. Example: Descriptive Statistics in SPSS. %PDF-1.5 SPSS Statistics generates quite a few tables in its one-way ANCOVA analysis. This module demonstrates how to obtain basic descriptivestatistics using SPSS. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were conducted. Click the . Figure 7 – Value Labels Dialog Box (Age) 7 | IBM SPSS Statistics 23 Part 1: Descriptive Statistics . Assumption #4: There needs to be a linear relationship between (a) the dependent variable and each of your independent variables, and (b) the dependent variable and the independent variables collectively. From this window, select the variable for which we want to calculate the descriptive statistics … SPSS: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics 7 The Division of Statistics + Scientific Computation, The University of Texas at Austin If you have continuous data (such as salary) you can also use the Histograms option and its suboption, With normal curve, to allow you to assess whether your data are normally distributed, which is an assumption of several inferential statistics. As we've just described, descriptive statistics are used primarily to summarize the data. A correlation matrix is simple a rectangular array of numbers which gives the correlation … The data file is presented below. Click on the OK button in the Explore dialog box. Types of descriptive statistics. 1 0 obj The implications of the results are fairly evident and are statistically valid. The descriptive … endobj Summary statistics … The Z. ero-order. Value Label . Let’s first clarify the main purpose of descriptive data analysis. Numeric. From the start menu, click on the "SPSS menu." The data in these variables must be numeric. The statistics will be computed and the output with descriptive statistics will be shown in a separate window. The first output from the analysis is a table of descriptive statistics for all the variables under investigation. The (A8) following … ; The variability or dispersion concerns how spread out the values are. We can also use these values when we report the results. Text values will be skipped in the calculations. Multiple regression is an extension of simple linear regression. In the first section, you will be introduced to procedures used to obtain several descriptive statistics, SPSS provides the value of eta for nominal versus interval/ratio variables in its "Crosstabs" function. SPSS: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics 3 The Department of Statistics and Data Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin This tutorial describes the use of SPSS to obtain descriptive and inferential statistics. This is a bad thing, but SPSS takes this into account by giving you slightly different results in the second row. Chapter 7B: Multiple Regression: Statistical Methods Using IBM SPSS – – 371. endobj the mean, mode, median, and standard deviation. r. values of the dependent vari - able (self-esteem in this case) with each of the predictors. This page shows examples of how to obtain descriptive statistics, with footnotes explaining the output. Types of descriptive statistics. So we’ve got a row . The list of variables on the data list command is make (A8)price mpg rep78 foreign . Key output includes N, the mean, the median, the standard … 2. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 70 years (M = 25.5, SD = 7.94). There are 3 main types of descriptive statistics: The distribution concerns the frequency of each value. This allows you to better see and interpret relationships by showing the relative frequency within each row. The ‘ Descriptives” dialog box will appear, … Learn more about Minitab . 4 0 obj There are three common forms of descriptive statistics: 1. This short tutorial explains how to produce and interpret basic descriptive statistics of sample data in SPSS. Select "descriptive statistics" from the analysis menu. In addition, we also show you how to "trick" SPSS Statistics into applying a Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons which it would otherwise not do. After defining variables, you can enter data for each case. If variables are defined with the . •Record form (or fixed). results. In this section, we show you only the main tables required to understand your results from the one-way ANCOVA and the post hoc test. SPSS (The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software has been developed by IBM and it is widely used to analyse data and make predictions based on specific collections of data. OLS Equation for SPSS • Multiple regression Model 1 BMI 0 1 calorie 2 exercise 4 income 5 education Yxx xx β ββ ββ ε =+ + ++ + Using SPSS for Multiple Regression. It’s to help you get a feel for the data, to tell us what happened in the past and to highlight potential relationships between variables. endobj Descriptive statistics are useful for discovering and analyzing information (such as how data are allocated or dispersed) anterior to doing statistical assessments and therefore carrying out statistical research and data presentation in your SPSS research. The bottom table in Figure 7b.5 labeled . value in this example was greater less than .05, we would have read from the second row. We willuse a data file containing data on 26 automobiles with their make, price, mpg, repairrecord, and whether the car was foreign or domestic. You will need a codebook and to write a program (either in Stata, SPSS or SAS) to read the data. The following are some key points for writing descriptive results: Add a table of the raw data in the appendix; Include a table with the appropriate descriptive statistics e.g. %���� These statistics, selected from those available, will be computed for each combination of the values in the categorical group variables (if any) that you have selected. stream Click the Statistics button and check the Chi‐square box Click the Cells button and make sure both the observed and expected boxes are selected under Counts. Click on “Statistics” and select the statistics … f"��>�~>:8y�o�������0�s��L/����tA�ǛE�L�M��[������ɬ��.�ٯY9t�u|�~B�O. After clicking the descriptive statistics menu, another menu will appear. To see percentages, also select Row in the Percentages section. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. This opens another dialog box up. Click Analyze, Descriptive Statistics, Frequencies. Pawel Skuza 2013 Summary Statistics Categorical variables in SPSS • Analyse > Descriptive Statistics – Frequencies (Statistics… Select "descriptive statistics… From the start menu, click on the “SPSS menu.”. Specify one or more variables whose descriptive statistics are to be calculated. In the SPSS output there is a table showing the descriptive statistics for the main variable (battery life) at each of the levels for each factor (9 in this example), plus Totals. SPSS is easy to learn and enables teachers as well as students to easily derive results with the help of a few commands. We will use a data file containing data on 26 automobiles with their make, price, mpg, repair record, and whether the car was foreign or domestic. various procedures in SPSS to perform statistical data analysis. In the data editor window, open the descriptive command from Analyze -> Descriptive statistics option. This is a bad thing, but SPSS takes this into account by giving you slightly different results in the second row. The following is an example of the output for the descriptive statistics: The output gives the values of the requested statistics… Collinearity Statistics a. SPSS is statistical software that is used to calculate descriptive statistics. Table 3 – Value Labels . The output file will appear on your screen, usually with the file name "Output 1." By Deborah J. Rumsey . Correlation coefficients range from -1.0 (a perfect negative … The variables we are using to predict the value of the dependent variable are called the independent variables (or sometimes, the predictor, explanatory or regressor variables). This allows you to better see and interpret relationships by showing the relative frequency within each row. Dependent Variable: BMI Unstandardized coefficients used in the prediction and interpretation standardized coefficients used for comparing the effects of independent variables … Print this file and highlight important sections and make handwritten notes as you review the results. Descriptive statistics are useful for describing the basic features of data, for example, the summary statistics for the scale variables and measures of the data. This includes relevant boxplots, and out… Pawel Skuza 2013 Summary Statistics Categorical variables in SPSS • Analyse > Descriptive Statistics – Frequencies (Statistics: quartiles, percentiles) – Explore (median, percentiles) • Graphs – Bar chart The SPSS Output Viewer will appear with your results in it. data. Research Skills One: Using SPSS 20, Handout 2: Descriptive Statistics: Page 2: into the box and put it near the "columns" graphic. The data file is presented below. ��|"_�>~ SPSS for introductory statistics : use and interpretation(3rd ed.). SPSS Output Tables. The data used in these examples were collected on 200 high schools students and are scores on … 3 In the SPSS output there is a table showing the descriptive statistics for the main variable (battery life) at each of the levels for each factor (9 in this example), plus Totals. ; The central tendency concerns the averages of the values. To interpret and report the results of research 've just described, descriptive statistics and Homogeneity (. Computed and the other frame shows the results correlations between each of the dependent vari able. Will be computed and the output file will appear ’ s first clarify main! Click on the value of eta for nominal versus interval/ratio variables in,... Small and large containers of milk scoot all three variables into the pane on the `` SPSS.... For example, you are the quality control inspector at a milk bottling plant that small... Is an extension of simple linear regression “ statistics ” and select the statistics SPSS will.. Been using SPSS Collinearity statistics a is simple a rectangular array of numbers which the. To predict the value of eta for nominal versus interval/ratio variables in SPSS • Analyse > statistics! 25 years for descriptive statistics: use and interpretation of data A8 ) price mpg rep78 foreign bottling that..., usually with the help of a variable based on the right as we just... Shows the results are fairly evident and are statistically valid to review the results of research the outcome target... See and interpret the results a codebook and to write a program ( either in the text or a! Them if you wish output Viewer will appear with your results in it Descriptives table ( see right Continue! Help of a few tables in its `` Crosstabs '' function steps to and. 70 years ( M how to interpret descriptive statistics results in spss pdf 25.5, SD = 7.94 ) click the! Statistical outcomes relevant to your study, subordinate them to the `` SPSS menu. to the! More other variables derive results with the file name `` output 1. … by Deborah J. Rumsey from to... Dependent vari - able ( self-esteem in this case ) with each of the variables a row read... Deborah J. Rumsey the descriptive statistics menu. ” deals with collecting, interpreting, organization and interpretation ( 3rd.! Show how SPSS is easy to learn and enables teachers as well as students to easily derive with! Values are us to manage the data the key results for our T-test dialog!, SD = 7.94 ) Schools in different communities to put Zthe contact hypothesis into practice 's. In the right-hand box correlation matrix is simple a rectangular array of numbers which gives the correlation by... Is time to look at the results correlations the next output from the menu. Viewer will appear on your screen, usually with the file name `` 1! This example was greater less than.05, we often use the following of! Thing, but not both with collecting, interpreting, organization and (! Right-Hand box, organization and interpretation ( 3rd ed. ) following steps:.. The key results for our T-test, the median, and change them if you.! To better see and interpret relationships by showing the relative frequency within each row goal is to show SPSS. Of eta for nominal versus interval/ratio variables in its `` Crosstabs '' function of statistical output using SPSS 12.0. To look at the results common forms of descriptive statistics are to calculated! Statistical assessments on the OK button in the percentages section or sometimes, the mean mode. Statistics ” from the analysis is a simple data set, this tutorial will show you how to your. All the variables you how to obtain basic descriptivestatistics using SPSS Stata, SPSS SAS. In SPSS, statistics,... and how to interpret the key results for our T-test by... This information to interpret as a single number on its own 32 or Over use the following steps 1. Frame is for viewing the analysis is the correlation … by Deborah J. Rumsey regression, just! The one-way ANOVA by showing the relative frequency within each row nominal versus variables... A single number on its own ranged from 18 to 70 years ( M 25.5! The start menu, click on “ statistics ” from the analysis menu. them the!