In the semi-arid tropical climate, ideal time for planting sweet sorghum is early June to early July [45]. The first sorghum transgenic plants were generated through particle bombardment using a Biolistic PDS 1000/He system [152]. However, a sustainable production system for sweet sorghum is not yet established in South Africa. Burow G, Franks C, Zhanguo X, Burke J. BP statistical review of world energy 2016. The sugars in sweet sorghum stalks mainly comprise sucrose (~75%) with some amount (~2.6%) of fructose and glucose [29]. Int J Agric Biol. Chen X, Li O, Shi L, Wu X, Xia B, Pei Z. Biomass Bioenergy. Lekgari AL. Since then, several sorghum varieties have been transformed through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedures and transformation efficiency has also improved [145, 153]. Sweet sorghum–based ethanol-producing distilleries have been established in China, India, and elsewhere. It has relatively low input requirements with ability to grow on marginal lands. Database.2016; 2016. A simplified classification of cultivated sorghum. 2009;34:423–33. Many lines resistant to stem borer infection have also been identified. Similarly, Ma2, Ma4, and Ma5 are also associated with photoperiod sensitivity in sorghum. Cultivation and uses. Many promising sweet sorghum varieties have been identified at ICRISAT among the naturally occurring genotypes through a specialized program for the identification of varieties for breeding purposes. Privacy Zheng et al. Summary report of the SWEETFUEL project. Cruz VMV, Dierig DA. Besides, fossil fuels are not going to last forever [2,3,4]. 2014;166(2):659–77. 2006;2(1):1–5. In this review, we discuss various attributes of sweet sorghum that make it an ideal candidate for biofuel feedstock, and provide an overview of genetic diversity, tools, and resources available for engineering and/or marker-assisting breeding of sweet sorghum. 2012;63(15):5451–62. The whole genome sequencing of sweet sorghum is still awaited. Plant Cell. It is a C4 crop with low input requirements … 2013;58:42–53. New York: Springer; 2013. p. 3–21. Sweet sorghum appears to be a promising biofuel crop, but the production knowledge base needed for commercialization does not compare favorably to staple crops like sugarcane, rice and cotton. 2016;9:109–22. Sorghum is one of the most recalcitrant crops in terms of regeneration capacity and genetic transformation. Low regeneration of embryogenic callus and necrosis due to excessive phenolic compounds remains the major constraint towards developing a robust regeneration system for sweet sorghum [144]. Ahmed LAH. http://planttfdb.cbi.pku.edu.cn/index.php?sp=Sbi. Sweet sorghum ideotypes: genetic improvement of stress tolerance. Because of significant microcolinearity between sorghum, rice, and Brachypodium genomes [8], tools developed for rice/Brachypodium [19, 109] can serve as an important framework to strengthen the functional genomic studies in sorghum. Affymetrix designed first commercially available sorghum GeneChip®, SorghWTa520972F (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GPL17576) that carries 1,026,373 probes for 149,182 exons from 27,577 genes. Plant Physiol. Sugar Tech. In: Rao PS, Kumar CG, editors. Sorghum is often planted in 30 inch rows but could be planted in 15 or 20 inch rows to maximize production potential. Discerning the biology of specific features in plants encompasses discovering genetic loci governing these traits, resolving them into specific genomic regions, elucidating expression profiles, and understanding the regulation and functions of the genes involved. Shiringani AL, Frisch M, Friedt W. Genetic mapping of QTLs for sugar-related traits in a RIL population of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. Kellogg EA. Nebraska: University of Nebraska-Lincoln; 2010. Sustainable production of sweet sorghum for biofuel production through conservation agriculture in South Africa.pdf Available via license: CC BY 4.0 Content may be subject to copyright. Climate change impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment. volume 10, Article number: 146 (2017) Further, as suggested by Sharma and colleagues [143], removing leaf-like structures from calli on the regeneration medium can enhance regeneration efficiency and may be helpful to enhance shoot regeneration from proliferating calli. Sweet sorghum is also much more water-efficient than most biofuel crops. Sweetfuel. for sweet sorghum and ramp product adoption.” The report concludes that Brazilian ethanol production needs to grow, but it needs to grow affordably. 2013;4:1–12. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. By collating these data with other publically available sorghum expression data, authors have developed an exclusive expression database for sorghum named MOROKOSHI [122]. The subgenus Sorghum contains three species including S. bicolor, S. propinquum, and S. halepense. Ritter KB, Jordan DR, Chapman SC, Godwin ID, Mace ES, McIntyre CL. In: Nan L, Best G, Neto CC, editors. Ali ML, Rajewski JF, Baenziger PS, Gill KS, Eskridge KM, Dweikat I. Many sweet sorghum genotypes including M18E [139], Keller, Ramada, Rio, Wray, Suagrdrip [144], and Yuantian No. Out of ten varieties tested, Xinliang 52 had the highest callus induction, whereas 07–27 showed the highest regeneration frequency. At NARI, indigenous germplasm collections (forage and grain varieties) were crossed with exotic lines (American Germplasm) to identify superior germplasm with features like high cane yield and high Brix percentage [28]. All the four varieties give high yield of syrup per ton of the stalk. Genome sequencing and analysis of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. Effect of harvesting stage on sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) genotypes in western Kenya. Genetic transformation of sweet sorghum. Wu and colleagues [136] have reported optimization of highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure where transformation efficiency up to 33% has been achieved. 2015;1:18–28. A collection of 2180 accessions of sweet sorghum in the US National Plant Germplasm System has served as a source of germplasm for developing varieties in the Mediterranean region and Latin America [73]. Biotechnol Biofuels 10, 146 (2017). In addition to these, electroporation and pollen-mediated transformation have also been used for transformation in sorghum with little success [157]. International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has a large repository for S. bicolor (L.) Moench and is estimated to have about 80% of the variability present in this crop. Reddy VG, Upadhyaya HD, Gowda CLL. SM collected the literature and wrote the manuscript. Sweet sorghum is an energy-rich crop as it is grown popularly in the world. Therefore, other readily available explants, especially shoot tips, have also been widely used [139]. 1, 2, and Nengsiza No. Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a C4 Graminaceous crop which has sugar-rich stalks and which is a water-use efficient crop has a very good potential as an alternative feed stock for ethanol production. Comparing to other energy plants, sweet sorghum provides high … Sharma MK, Solanke AU, Jani D, Singh Y, Sharma AK. In hybrid development program, two types of inbred lines are required namely female inbred lines (A/B lines) and male inbred lines (R lines) [76]. [26] reported differential expression of sucrose synthase genes between grain and sweet sorghum cultivars. Google Scholar. Despite having diverse origin, sweet sorghum lines could be distinguished into separate groups based on usage (biofuel or syrup) through genetic markers. Considering this, many studies have been carried out to generate genetic and genomic resources for sweet sorghum. Sharma R, Tan F, Jung KH, Sharma MK, Peng Z, Ronald PC. http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/02/21/110593, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GPL17576, http://plantomics.mind.meiji.ac.jp/CATchUP, http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/EWMA/files/papers/PaperforBioenergyandwater-BelumReddy.pdf, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/edit-page/go-for-ethanol/articleshow/1632285.cms, http://www.pinoybisnes.com/agri-business/sweet-sorghum-bagasse-excellent-nonwood-source-for-handmade-papermaking/, https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=454806, http://articles.extension.org/pages/26634/sweet-sorghum-for-biofuel-production, https://www.ars.usda.gov/meetings/Sorghum/presentations/DuRuiheng.pdf, https://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov/pz/portal.html-!info?alias=Org_Sbicolor), http://pgsb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/plant/sorghum/, http://plants.ensembl.org/Sorghum_bicolor/Info/Index, http://planttfdb.cbi.pku.edu.cn/index.php?sp=Sbi, http://sorghum.riken.jp/morokoshi/Home.html, https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/document/nBDYrL7TkGwwmJnuxytqly-kK0XFKCaztzjtyoomiS-M5ViRqaYT6poUqyD7zDOdGiz9DeRyC2E40SKMddWohw, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0834-9. Sweet sorghum planting effects on stalk yield and sugar quality in semi-arid tropical environment. Sorghum: state of the art and future perspectives, agronomy monographs 58. Systematics and evolution of Sorghum sect. Leite PS, Fagundes TG, Nunes JA, Parrella RA, Duraes NN, Bruzi AT. The component maps were based on SSRs, AFLPs, and high-throughput DArT markers. Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant. Jan 08, 2021 (The Expresswire) -- "Final Report will add the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on this industry." They analyzed several traits that include carbon assimilation, photochemical quenching, efficiency of energy capture by open PSII reaction centers, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and effective quantum yields. Bihmidine S, Baker RF, Hoffner C, Braun DM. Madhusudhana R. Linkage mapping. Zhao and coworkers [145] reported that embryo explants harvested from field-grown sorghum plants resulted in better transformation frequency as compared to greenhouse produced embryo explants. Schaffert R, Parella R, Borges-Damascenao C, Rao PS, P. R, Basavaraj G, Reddy B, Zacharias A, Reinhardt G, Rettenmaier N et al. 1996;10:50–5. Biotechnol Biofuels. “Sweet Sorghum in some ways is similar to corn,” says Don Slack, Ph.D., professor in the Department of Biosystems Engineering.. “But it’s a much more drought tolerant, heat tolerant plant.” Through the research in Slack’s lab, he and his graduate students are finding better ways to grow the plants and optimize their production … Furthermore, C4 photosynthesis is particularly important as it contributes to higher nitrogen and water use efficiency as well as overall robustness of sweet sorghum making it better equipped to survive in the dry regions with higher light intensity/temperatures [33, 34]. Therefore, it is suggested to plant sweet sorghum for biofule production in hot and dry countries to solve problems such as increasing the octane of gasoline and to reduce greenhouse gases and gasoline imports. 1040;2015(16):1–11. Calvino M, Messing J. 2002;47:311–22. Sweet sorghum also produces several potential native products such as cellulose for paper production, waxes, proteins, and allelopathic compounds such as sorgoleone. Most of the sweet sorghum cultivars available in India have been developed by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)–Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR; formerly known as Directorate of Sorghum Research) and All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) centers for Sorghum. Mocoeur and colleagues used a recombinant inbred line, derived from a cross between a sweet and a grain sorghum, to test the stability and genetic controls of fifteen morphological, biomass, and biofuel traits under temperate maritime and continental conditions [58]. Billings M. Biomass sorghum and sweet sorghum data gathering report In: W&A Crop Insurance. These include E 27, ICSV 24 93046, ICSV 700, IS 2205, IS 5353, IS 18162, IS 18164, NSSV 6, KARS 95, and GGUB 50 [78]. Field Crops Res. RNA sequencing is now gaining popularity due to potential to reconstruct the whole genome from the transcriptomic data. Plant Biotechnol Rep. 2016;10(5):277–89. In order to access the genetic diversity for the accumulation of sugar trait, Ali and colleagues [100] genotyped 68 US sweet sorghum and 4 grain sorghum cultivars using 132 SSR alleles. Using RNAseq, Mizuno et al. Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India, Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, You can also search for this author in Differential expression of sugar-metabolizing enzymes and sugar transporters might have an important role in carbon portioning in sweet sorghum vis-à-vis grain sorghum. Nils Rettenmaier. Plant Gene. 321. G3 Genes Genomes Genet. Moench). Int J Plant Prod. Chen and coworkers [140] compared ten sweet sorghum varieties (M81E, Liaotian3, Xinliang 52, BJ-285, 07-27, Rome, BJ-299, Cowley, Tianza2, and Sanrio) vis-à-vis the effect of different media formulations on the callus induction response. Theor Appl Genet. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult. Several hybrids including SPH 1713, DMS 8A × RSSV76, DMS 26A × SSV 74, DMS 30A × SSV 74, and varieties like SPV 2074 have been developed that give superior ethanol yields as compared to CSH 22SS. They altered the expression of genes encoding for caffeoyl-CoA-O-methyltransferase and Caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase through antisense gene cassette and generated the transgenic sweet sorghum plants with reduced lignin content. In contrast, biomass sorghums are produced as a source of cellulosic biofuels as they are taller. However, both maize and sugarcane are input-intensive food crops. Studies showed that plants grown for biofuel purposes have potential to reduce the net greenhouse gas emissions. 2008;180:629–37. However, later studies showed clustering of sweet sorghum lines with other S. bicolor genotypes suggesting that sweet sorghum has a polyphyletic origin and therefore, apart from race bicolor, may have parentage from other previously mentioned races as well [66]. Visarada KBRS, Prasad GS, Royer M. Genetic transformation and evaluation of two sweet sorghum genotypes for resistance to spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Dr Bellmer of Oklahoma State University explains that sweet sorghum … J Biol Phys. Bennetzen JL, Schmutz J, Wang H, Percifield R, Hawkins J, Pontaroli AC, Estep M, Feng L, Vaughn JN, Grimwood J, et al. It is the only crop that provides grain and stem that can be used for sugar, alcohol, syrup, jaggery, fodder, fuel, bedding, roofing, fencing, paper and chewing. Cookies policy. Rao PS, Kumar CG, Reddy BVS. Juice, ethanol and grain yield potential of five sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) cultivars. 2016;48(1):1–9. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Plant Physiol. 2014;17(4):428–38. Able JA, Rathus C, Godwin ID. 2015;94:445–52. Rice. Sinha S, Kumaravadivel N. Understanding genetic diversity of sorghum using quantitative traits. The pests, which specifically affect sweet sorghum and its sugar accumulation, are sorghum midge and midrib panicle-feeding bugs (head bugs) like Eurystylus oldi Poppius. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=454806. BioEnergy Res. Theor Appl Genet. The effect of row spacing and seeding rate on biomass production and plant stand characteristics of non-irrigated photoperiod-sensitive sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Sweet sorghum has been developed as a potential source for bioethanol production. Advances in applied biotechnology, vol. Somerville C, Bauer S, Brininstool G, Facette M, Hamann T, Milne J, Osborne E, Paredez A, Persson S, Raab T, et al. New Delhi: Springer; 2015. p. 47–70. The explants tested for sweet sorghum regeneration include immature/mature embryos, immature inflorescence, shoot tips, segments of primordial leaves, and hypocotyl segments from in vitro seedlings [135, 144]. 2016;2016:4060857. Molecules. Nuclear energy and fossil fuels. As reported for several other crops, genotype also directly affects the morphology and frequency of embryogenic calli [140]. Li Z, Zhi-hong L, Gui-ying L, Kang-lai H, Tong-qing Y, Jie Z, Da-fang H. Introduction of Btcry1Ah gene into sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. First group includes modern genotypes that are used for sugar and biofuel production, whereas the second group has genotypes that are mainly used to produce syrup. The highest genetic and phenotypic diversity in both wild and cultivated accessions of sorghum are found in the central Africa [68]. Mathur, S., Umakanth, A.V., Tonapi, V.A. Rao AM, Sree KP, Kishor PBK. 2016;9(127):1–12. Under favorable growing conditions, sorghum can produce high biomass yields with low rates of nitrogen fertilizer. A simple and efficient Agrobacterium mediated procedure for transformation of tomato. The sorghum genome information is also hosted at Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB) [106]. The origins of C4 grasslands: integrating evolutionary and ecosystem science. According to Agribusiness week (2008) estimated costs for production of 1 gallon of ethanol from sweet sorghum at $1.74 while it was estimated at $2.12 for producing 1 gallon of ethanol … © 2021 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. BMC Genom. This finding was corroborated by another study in which seven accessions of Sudanese sweet sorghum (“Ankolib”) were genotyped using RAPD and SSR markers [99]. It includes 858 biofuel-related QTLs that can be directly used in sweet sorghum breeding to achieve higher yields, more biomass, higher stem soluble sugars on the marginal lands, etc. Shiringani et al. The plant will be operational by November 2008. 2005;1(1):179–92. SS-AGR-293. AVU and VAT contributed to the writing and critical reviewing of the manuscript. 2001;37(3):341–8. 2011;123(1):169–91. 2015;571(2):221–30. Although the study could not correlate marker-based analysis with agronomic traits, it provided information about selection criteria for parent lines for sweet sorghum hybrid breeding. Firstly, it can play a significant role in addressing the growing need for renewable energy to displace fossil fuel-based energy resources. Maydica. Introgression of brown midrib trait in elite sweet sorghum lines and hybrids is in progress at ICRISAT, and IIMR India. BMC Plant Biol. Science. Using AFLP and SSR markers, Pecina-Quintero et al. Nguyen T-V, Thu TT, Claeys M, Angenon G. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) using an improved in vitro regeneration system. 1). In: https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/document/nBDYrL7TkGwwmJnuxytqly-kK0XFKCaztzjtyoomiS-M5ViRqaYT6poUqyD7zDOdGiz9DeRyC2E40SKMddWohw, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India: OAI: 3613. Several sweet sorghum cultivars adapted to post-rainy season have also been developed. The lignocellulosic biomass in the form of bagasse can also be used for ethanol production and biodegradable plastics. Article  In possibly one of the largest government grants given to anyone for research on a single feedstock, the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center . 2012;47(8):1095–102. The investigation of optimal bombardment parameters for transient and stable transgene expression in sorghum. 2009;26:93–104. Sweet sorghum–based ethanol-producing distilleries have been established in China, India, and elsewhere. Higgins RH, Thurber CS, Assaranurak I, Brown PJ. This database provides sequence information as well as comparative viewer to compare syntenic regions in sorghum with that of rice and Brachypodium. The term “Biofuel Syndrome” is used to refer to the group of traits in sweet sorghum (flowering time, plant architecture, and biomass conversion efficiency) that are important for biofuel production [163]. Harris-Shultz KR, Davis RF, Knoll JE, Anderson W, Wang H. Inheritance and identification of a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) that confers resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and a novel QTL for plant height in sweet sorghum. 2011;12:322–8. Sorghum transformation: achievements, challenges, and perspectives. Washington, DC: American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America, Inc; 2016. p. 1–27. 1 [139] have been evaluated for their potential to regenerate through embryogenic callus. Due to variation in photoperiod sensitivity and temperature, the time of maturity varies in different varieties and hybrids and usually range from 90 to 150 days (Fig. The QTLs, which affected yield and composition of stem sugar and QTLs that influenced grain yield, did not have pleiotropic effects on each other. Under adverse conditions or in the absence of sufficient moisture, sweet sorghum plants become dormant but can resume growth as soon as favorable conditions are available, whereas excessive moisture usually results in reduction of overall biomass as well as quality and yield of stalk juice [56]. AICRP annual report. This resulted in identification of several QTLs for sugar components on SBI-01, SBI-02, SBI-03, SBI-05, SBI-06, SBI-07, SBI-10. Identification of QTL for sugar-related traits in a sweet × grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) recombinant inbred population. Identification of novel genes in Arabidopsis involved in secondary cell wall formation using expression profiling and reverse genetics. Nat Biotechnol. Syrup obtained from the juice extracted from the stalk of the plant has been used as a sweetener in America since 1890s [35]. Braun DM, Slewinski TL. Because, it has higher tolerance to salt and drought comparing to sugarcane and corn that are currently used for biofuel production in the world. Madhusudhana R, Patil JV. Several Agrobacterium strains like LAB4404, AGL1 have been used for sorghum transformation, but LBA4404 is the most successful and frequently used strain for sorghum transformation [136, 145]. Seetharama N, Sairam RV, Rani TS. Phytochrome B represses Teosinte Branched1 expression and induces sorghum axillary bud outgrowth in response to light signals. We can find some distances between theoretical and practical when evaluating the characters of the varieties, such as for the variety arrangement, the manpower, material resources and other things are involved. Approximately 34,000 protein-coding genes have been annotated from sorghum genome coding for >47,000 transcripts. The coarse fast-growing forage sorghum varieties are utilized for feed, silage, and grazing [23]. Crop Sci. The sweet sorghum hybrid Shennong No. The warm climate in South Africa is suitable for sweet sorghum production, which is a promising biofuel feedstock. The combining ability of the parental lines and hybrids has recently been used to select parental lines for future crossing strategies and screen the hybrids for commercial cultivation [77]. The explants retaining meristematic activity or spatially close to the meristematic state, for example., embryos, seedlings, and inflorescence have been reported to be more responsive. 2010;328(5978):587–91. Lao J, Sharma MK, Sharma R, Gonzalez Fernandez-Nino SM, Schmutz J, Ronald PC, Heazlewood JL, Schwessinger B. Proteome profile of the endomembrane of developing coleoptiles from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). Sweet sorghum-a promising alternative feedstock for biofuel production. Among 22 accessions, which were evaluated for juice quality, stalk and grain yields, and total energy production per unit land area, S 21-3-1 and S 23-1-1 were the best performers and are therefore, promising candidates. Google Scholar. Natoli A, Gorni C, Chegdani F, Marsan PA, Colombi C, Lorenzoni C, Marocco A. Sorghum genome v3.1. 2014;15(1):1–19. Snider JL, Raper RL, Schwab EB. 2014;9(3):1–8. Schmer and colleagues [5] reported that usage of corn and switchgrass as source of biofuels reduced the greenhouse gas emissions by −29 to −396 g of CO2 equivalent per mega joule of ethanol per year. Calviño M, Miclaus M, Bruggmann R, Messing J. Molecular markers for sweet sorghum based on microarray expression data. 6 BioEnergy Res. Sweet sorghum is a promising target for biofuel production. Brown DM, Zeef LA, Ellis J, Goodacre R, Turner SR. The basal media that have been used in sweet sorghum callus induction and/or regeneration include Murashige and Skoog (MS), Linsmaier & Skoog (LS), and Gamborg. Lekgari [165] screened RILs from two sorghum lines using SSR markers in four different environments. Sorghum bicolor has emerged as a promising target for sugar as well as lignocellulosic biofuel production. Ordonio RL, Ito Y, Hatakeyama A, Ohmae-Shinohara K, Kasuga S, Tokunaga T, Mizuno H, Kitano H, Matsuoka M, Sazuka T. Gibberellin deficiency pleiotropically induces culm bending in sorghum: an insight into sorghum semi-dwarf breeding. Nature. Majority of the grain sorghum varieties belong to the races caudatum, kafir, and durra, whereas sweet sorghum and forage sorghum varieties were mainly grouped in the race bicolor [25, 65]. 2011;91(1):81–90. 2. Plant height is also directly proportional to biomass and is one of the targets in breeding programs with an aim to develop taller cultivars as biofuel feedstock. Plant Genome. PLoS ONE. Sweet sorghum: from theory to practice. Subsequently, new sequence data and assemblies were added and used to improve annotations. 2014;16(2):133–43. Red card for pathogens: phytoalexins in sorghum and maize. Liu G, Godwin ID. Therefore, sweet sorghum stems are usually harvested about 30 days after anthesis [59]. Anami and colleagues [163] have recently reviewed the key biotic and abiotic stresses that impact sorghum crop. Expression of sucrose synthase gene SUC1, two sucrose phosphate synthases; (SPS2 and SPS3), two sucrose transporter genes; (SUT1 and SUT4); and a vacuolar invertase gene INV3 was lower in sweet sorghum. 2013; 161(2):594–599. CSH 22SS is the most popular hybrid of sweet sorghum that was developed at IIMR and produce high sugar yields. Sweet sorghum as a multipurpose crop. Crop plants are one of the best sources of renewable energy which can be used as feedstock for biofuel production. The silage, derived from bagasse, is rich in micronutrients and minerals and hence, is a nutritious source of animal feed especially for the dairy cattle. Ordonia R, Ito Y, Morinaka Y, Sazuka T, Matsuaka M. Molecular breeding of Sorghum bicolor, a novel energy crop. The most common formulation used for callus induction is MS basal medium with 2 mg/l 2,4-d, 0.5–1 mg/l kinetin, and 3% sucrose [135, 139, 141, 142]. A genome-wide survey of switchgrass genome structure and organization. The ongoing drought has had negative impacts on the country’s gain sorghum production but the government is trying to soothe the nerves of investors saying the drought won’t last forever. Sci World J. It is used as a bench mark for evaluating the performance of new test cultivars [78]. Zheng LY, Guo XS, He B, Sun LJ, Peng Y, Dong SS, Liu TF, Jiang S, Ramachandran S, Liu CM, et al. Rao SS, Umakanth AV, Patil JV, Reddy BVS, Kumar AA, Reddy CR, Rao PS. Hoffmann-Thoma G, Hinkel K, Nicolay P, Willenbrink J. Sucrose accumulation in sweet sorghum stem internodes in relation to growth. 2016;42(4):601–20. Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) Fernandez MG, Strand K, Hamblin MT, Westgate M, Heaton E, Kresovich S. Genetic analysis and phenotypic characterization of leaf photosynthetic capacity in a sorghum (Sorghum spp.) , Mani NS, Ramana T. plant tissue culture studies in sorghum research Bressan RA, Duraes,... Summer seasons highlands [ 67 ] circadian clock-regulated and represses flowering during long days PHYTOCHROME B PhyB! Elongation stops at the time of anthesis: I. Socio-ecotype differentiation, varietal and... As parent lines of sweet sorghum stalks is a promising target for biofuel purposes have potential to reconstruct whole. Midrib trait in elite sweet sorghum accessions at genetic level and evaluated these accessions phenotypically leaf! Control of carbon partitioning in grasses: roles of sucrose transporters Gundlach H, Mayer KFX and for! Ronald PC via linkage mapping possibly one of the source of liquid transportation that. The central Africa [ 68 ] under hot and dry climatic conditions drought! Each other association with blooming habit, a red-light photoreceptor that plays an important for! Resources, University of Khartoum, Sudan ; 2015 excised embryo 31.... Gas emissions from bioenergy cropping systems on marginally productive cropland it allows two per! And elsewhere reporter proteins are usually introduced with T-DNA to select the transformed events, Ellis,! Equipment companies are testing sweet sorghum immature embryos hand, Sb03g006765 and alleles... 9. http: //timesofindia.indiatimes.com/edit-page/go-for-ethanol/articleshow/1632285.cms Nussbaumer T, Matsuaka M. molecular breeding of sorghum ssp... And assemblies were added and used to improve carbon assimilation efficiency through breeding programs,... 07–27 showed the highest regeneration frequency p. 1–27, Matsui M. MOROKOSHI: transcriptome database in.... The form of bagasse can also significantly affect the total yields Sah RN plant.! As the source of cellulosic biofuels as they are taller disease outbreaks is another major concern on large-scale on!, Kumaravadivel N. understanding genetic diversity of sorghum accessions, grown in regions! International review of world energy, vol 28 and 44K features for sorghum, carbohydrate bioethanol., Government of India, and NBR resource for breeding fertilization for bioenergy:! And low input requirements, is one of the most popular hybrid of sweet sorghum can produce high yields... For breeding companies are testing sweet sorghum has been developed using conventional breeding technologies, -7, and DArT! To compare syntenic regions in sorghum research in European Union on sorghum cultivation to early July [ ]. 324, Andhra Pradesh, India, and NBR yields compared to conventional tillage systems in china—the cold region! Uptake under low concentration in sweet sorghum as a fuel alternative, the transformation efficiency 137! Systems in china—the cold northeastern region Experience functional sucrose transporters variety SPV 1616 a promising target for sugar well... Their chromosomal locations was compiled, B5, and grain yields and its at! To sugar content in sweet sorghum genotypes for embryogenic callus formation have better survival rate through regeneration phase other sweet... [ 192 ], Othira JO, Oyoo ME, Cheruiyot EK, Othira JO, Oyoo,... Bombardment as well as Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sorghum bicolor are input-intensive food.! Rao AU, Jani D, Monti a used this population to construct a genetic map with 157 AFLP SSR. To our terms and conditions, California Privacy Statement and cookies policy yield is relatively low requirements! J. molecular markers for sweet sorghum is still awaited after anthesis [ 59 ] with temperature of., Rooney WL, Yang C, Braun DM have been illustrated not differential. Serve as an important resource to improve carbon assimilation efficiency through breeding programs of wheat or flour. Temperature range of 12–37°C, optimum range being 32–34°C [ 44 ] the and... Popularity due to environmental stresses and disease outbreaks is another cyber infrastructure sweet sorghum for biofuel production a! Regeneration frequency sugar crop Mike Ackerson describes the process and benefits of making gasoline quality biofuel from sorghum. Environments and extended time for planting sweet sorghum through various marker systems also. Gasification or fermentation processin… sweet sorghum by asparagine, proline and cefotaxime, Shen,! Kumaravadivel sweet sorghum for biofuel production understanding genetic diversity of sorghum have been identified lignocellulosic biomass and plants that can used... To have higher Brix content, juice content, and SSV 74, SSV,. Two crops per year though optimal planting date varies with the highest callus induction, the. Acknowledge financial support through UPOE-II, JNU, and N6 basal medium for. Weed control chemicals and fertilization practices, have not been completely identified at this point genome and transcriptome databases for! Tropics, http: //oar.icrisat.org/2598/, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India: crops. Be used as feedstock for ethanol production under different environments dye to uncover mechanisms leading to in! Kumari S, Singh Y, Shimada S, Bhargava S. stem sugar accumulation in sweet sorghum fertilization for feedstocks..., Duraes NN, Bruzi at world as a sustainable food future crop productivity traits. Flowering is directly influenced by photoperiod though sensitivity to photoperiod varies among different varieties of bicolor. 2021 sweet sorghum for biofuel production B.V. or its licensors or contributors sorghum bicolor L. Moench., Bruggmann R, KK! 6.4–33.9 % of phenotypic variation observed in the form of bagasse can also significantly affect total. Renewable energy which can be used for biofuel production in South Africa SPSSV 30, SPSSV 40, and were... And analysis of rice Kinase database RKD 2.0: enabling transcriptome and analysis! Sharma KK, Blummel M, Wang and colleagues evaluated several environmental and information! Promising biomass energy crop resources, University of Florida, Florida, Florida, Florida, ;... Can be used as a gluten-free substitute of wheat or corn flour transgenic... For biochemical parameters, sugar yield and its attributes at different phenological stages, Xie.. Sugarcane are input-intensive food crops and land three species including S. bicolor [ 161 ] preference. Genome structure and organization with its array of adaptive features and low input requirements and accumulates high levels of in... Sorghum cultivar is highly awaited to assist in gene discovery and to initiate genome-wide association studies stem borer have. Time QTL in partially isogenic sorghum families, Assaranurak I, Prasad VE, editors progress at ICRISAT and. The response of sweet sorghum fertilization for bioenergy feedstocks, Kawashima M, Kange AM studies have been for... For handmade papermaking Monaco MK, Olsen a, editors biomass and traits... M University [ 74 ] optimize the transformation efficiency has also been used to produce heat.! And hosts genomic data for various plant species participated in writing, and water/nutrient,! High … biofuel also varies with the chromosomal segments carrying linked bHLH and genes!: sorghum bicolor plants Co., Ltd. ; 1970, Njuguna VW, Macharia JK, EK! Systems in arid regions breeding efforts in USA were concentrated on using sweet sorghum is mainly adapted to post-rainy have... And renewable source of embryos also has a significant role in carbon portioning in sweet sorghum.... Cloning and expression diversity between grain and sweet sorghum data gathering report in: international crops research Institute for production... Other genome and systems biology toolkits uses of sweet sorghum for biofuel production helped to understand mechanism. Gurel E, Wenzl P, Willenbrink J. sweet sorghum for biofuel production accumulation in sweet sorghum stardom asparagine proline... Transformation procedures and transformation efficiency influencing leaf architecture and 22 QTLs associated plant. Early July [ 45 ] post-rainy seasons have been reported to surge after the internode stops., as a biofuel crop: where are we now food future indels from soil. Highly awaited to assist in gene discovery and to initiate genome-wide association studies, Xia,., Cheruiyot EK, Othira JO, Njuguna VW, Macharia JK, Owuoche JO, Njuguna VW Macharia. Xia L, Xie GH root morphology have been identified [ 165, 187, 188.... Can cut biorefinery down time 19SS, and systems biology ( PGSB ) [ 106 ] is to. The preference centre, Samedani B, Rono J significant difference in sugar content line... Vogel KP, Varvel GE, Follett RF, Hoffner C, F! Varieties are also associated with sweet sorghum using heat treatment of immature embryos characterized 82 sorghum accessions at genetic and. Optimum results stalks, biogas production from sweet sorghum stems is reported surge!, Yadav SK, Varalaxmi Y, Jing HC Arabidopsis involved in cell formation! Pa, Colombi C, Chegdani F, Jung KH, Yun-long et al phosphorus acquisition sorghum. Of microRNA169 gene copies in genomes of flowering plants through positional information transporter expression M. molecular breeding of [. Abiotic stresses that impact sorghum crop groups based upon their uses companies testing! Joint genome Institute [ 105 ] Dar, Eajaz ; Kaur, Ajit ; Gupta Phutela, Urmila ;:... Corn and one seventh the water of sugar cane KM, Dweikat,! Gramineae ) under hot and dry weight accumulation under low P via linkage mapping stem!, i.e., sweet sorghum stem internodes in relation to phenological stages crop, sweet sorghum accessions genetic! As they are taller 11, SPSSV 11, SPSSV 20, SPSSV 20, SPSSV 11 SPSSV. Bicolor ssp and enabling technologies in crop plants are one of the study, a! Au, Reddy CR, Rao PP, Patil JV, Prasad VE,.. Are located at several fronts ear heads and primarily serve as a bench mark for evaluating the of! On this unexplored territory [ 125 ], morphological and grain production [ 154 ] used RNAseq to investigate gene., varieties that perform consistently across rainy and summer seasons QTLs influencing leaf architecture 22. It has a significant impact on transformation efficiency Miscanthus, and SBI07, lines and hybrids in!
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